I-Arhente yaMandla aMazwe ngaMazwe: Imarike yeempompo zokushisa ilungele ukuthabatha, kwaye umthamo wokuthengisa we-EU uya kwandisa amaxesha angama-2.5 ngo-2030.

I-Arhente yaMandla yamazwe ngamazwe (IEA) ibonise kwingxelo ekhutshwe ngoLwesithathu ukuba ingxaki yamandla ehlabathi ikhawulezise ukuguqulwa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye neepompo zokushisa eziphantsi kwekhabhoni nazo zibe lukhetho olutsha. Kulindeleke ukuba intengiso yehlabathi yeepompo zobushushu inyuke iye kwinqanaba lerekhodi kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.

Kwingxelo ekhethekileyo ethi "Ikamva leeMpompa zobushushu", i-IEA yenze umbono obanzi wehlabathi jikelele kwiimpompo zobushushu. Itekhnoloji yempompo yobushushu yitekhnoloji entsha yamandla ethe yatsala ingqalelo enkulu kwihlabathi liphela kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngokukodwa, impompo yobushushu sisixhobo esinokufumana amandla obushushu obuphantsi ukusuka kumoya wendalo, amanzi okanye umhlaba, kunye nokubonelela ngamandla obushushu obuphezulu anokusetyenziswa ngabantu ngomsebenzi wamandla.

I-IEA yathi impompo yobushushu sisisombululo esisebenzayo kunye nemozulu. Uninzi lwezakhiwo zehlabathi zinokusebenzisa impompo yobushushu ukufudumeza, enokunceda abathengi bonge imali kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwamazwe kumafutha efosili.

Imakethi yempompo yobushushu ifumene ukukhula olomeleleyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nenkuthazo eyomeleleyo. Ngo-2021, umthamo wentengiso yempompo yobushushu yehlabathi unyuke phantse nge-15% ngonyaka, kubandakanywa umthamo wokuthengisa we-EU unyuke malunga ne-35%.

Ukuze ukwazi ukujamelana nengxaki yamandla ehlabathi, ukuthengiswa kweempompo zokushisa ngo-2022 kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele kwinqanaba lerekhodi, ngakumbi eYurophu. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2022, ukuthengisa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwaphindaphindeka kabini xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.

I-IEA ikholelwa ukuba ukuba oorhulumente bakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye neenjongo zokhuseleko lwamandla, ngo-2030, ukuthengiswa konyaka kweepompo zokufudumala kwe-EU kunokunyuka ukusuka kwi-2 yezigidi zeeyunithi kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-7 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ezilingana nokunyuka kwamaxesha e-2.5.

UMlawuli we-IEA u-Birol uthe impompo yobushushu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nophuhliso, kunye nesisombululo se-EU ukusombulula ingxaki yamandla ekhoyo ngoku.

UBirol wongeze ukuba itekhnoloji yempompo yobushushu iye yavavanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye yavavanywa, kwaye inokusebenza nakwezona meko zemozulu zibandayo. Abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka bayixhase ngokupheleleyo le teknoloji. Iimpompo zokushisa ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukufudumeza kwendlu, ukukhusela amakhaya asengozini kunye namashishini kumaxabiso aphezulu, kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zemozulu.

Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-IEA, ngokwexabiso lamandla langoku, iindleko zamandla ezigcinwe yientsapho zaseYurophu kunye neMelika zitshintshela kwiimpompo zokufudumala minyaka yonke ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-900 yeedola.

Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokuthenga kunye nokufaka iimpompo zokushisa zingaba zihlandlo ezimbini ukuya kwezine kwiibhoyili zegesi, ezifuna ukuba urhulumente anike inkxaso efunekayo. Okwangoku, amazwe angaphezu kwama-30 aphumeze inkuthazo yezemali kwiimpompo zobushushu.

I-IEA iqikelela ukuba ngowama-2030, iimpompo zobushushu zinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside ehlabathini ubuncinane ngeetoni ezizizigidi ezingama-500, nto leyo elingana nekharbon diokside ekhutshwa minyaka le kuzo zonke iimoto zaseYurophu. Ukongeza, iimpompo zobushushu zinokuhlangabezana nezinye iimfuno zamacandelo amashishini, ngakumbi kumashishini ephepha, ukutya kunye namachiza.

U-Birol wancoma ukuba zonke iimeko zokukhutshwa kwemarike yepompo yokushisa sele ilungile, esikhumbuza umkhondo wophuhliso lwe-photovoltaic kunye nobuchwepheshe bezithuthi zombane. Iimpompo zokushisa ziye zasombulula iinkxalabo ezixinzelelekileyo zabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ngokubhekiselele ekufikeleleni kwamandla, ukhuseleko lokubonelela kunye nengxaki yemozulu, kwaye iya kudlala amandla amakhulu ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kwixesha elizayo.