I-Arhente yaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe: impompo yobushushu inokuhlangabezana ne-90% yemfuno yokufudumeza kwehlabathi, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwayo kwekhabhoni kuphantsi kunesithando somlilo wegesi (Icandelo 2)

Ukusebenza ngexesha lonyaka lempompo yobushushu kuye kwaphuculwa ngokuthe chu

Kuninzi lwezicelo zokufudumeza indawo, i-coefficient yokusebenza yempompo yobushushu (i-avareji yesalathiso sokusebenza kwamandla ngonyaka, i-COP) iye yanda ngokuthe chu ukuya phantse kwi-4 ukusukela ngo-2010.

Kuqhelekile ukuba i-cop yepompo yokushisa ifike kwi-4.5 okanye ngaphezulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomoya opholileyo ezifana nommandla weMeditera kunye nombindi kunye nomzantsi weChina. Ngokuchasene noko, kwiimozulu ezibanda kakhulu ezinje ngamantla eCanada, ubushushu obuphantsi bangaphandle buya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwamandla kobuchwephesha obukhoyo ngoku ukuya kumyinge we-3-3.5 ebusika.

Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, utshintsho ukusuka kwi-non-inverter ukuya kwitekhnoloji ye-inverter iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle. Namhlanje, itekhnoloji yoguqulo lwamaza ombane inqanda uninzi lwelahleko yamandla ebangelwa kukumiswa kunye nokuqala kwetekhnoloji engaguqukiyo, kwaye yehlisa ukunyuka kobushushu becompressor.

Imimiselo, imigangatho kunye neelebhile, kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, iqhube uphuculo lwehlabathi. Umzekelo, emva kokuba ubuncinci bomgangatho wokusetyenzwa kwamandla bunyuswe kabini, umndilili wokusebenza komlinganiso wexesha lonyaka weempompo zobushushu ezithengiswa e-United States zinyuke nge-13% kunye ne-8% ngokulandelelanayo ngo-2006 no-2015.

Ukongeza kuphuculo olongezelelweyo kumjikelo wokunyanzeliswa komphunga (umzekelo ngokusebenzisa amacandelo esizukulwana esilandelayo), ukuba ufuna ukwandisa i-coefficient yokusebenza ngexesha lonyaka lempompo yobushushu ukuya kwi-4.5-5.5 ngo-2030, uya kufuna izisombululo ezijoliswe kwinkqubo (ukwandisa amandla ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo sonke) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezikhenkcisi ezinobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu okanye obunobushushu behlabathi.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-gas-fired condensing boilers, iimpompo zokufudumala zinokuhlangabezana ne-90% yemfuno yokufudumeza kwehlabathi kwaye ibe ne-carbon footprint ephantsi.

Nangona iimpompo zokufudumala zombane zisabala ngaphezu kwe-5% yokufudumeza kwezakhiwo zehlabathi, zinokubonelela ngaphezu kwe-90% yokufudumeza kwezakhiwo zehlabathi ngexesha elide kwaye zibe ne-carbon dioxide ekhutshwayo. Nokuba kuqwalaselwe ukuqina kwekhabhoni yombane, iimpompo zobushushu zikhupha ikharbon diokside encinci kunetekhnoloji yebhoyila yegesi (ehlala isebenza kwi-92-95%).

Ukususela ngo-2010, ukuxhomekeka ekuphuculeni okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwamandla empompo yokushisa kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla acocekileyo, ukugubungela okunokubakho kwempompo yokushisa kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu ngama-50%!

Ukususela ngo-2015, umgaqo-nkqubo uye wakhawuleza ukusetyenziswa kwempompo yokushisa

E-China, uncediso-mali phantsi kwesicwangciso sokusebenza sokulawula ukungcoliseka komoya kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokufakelwa kwangaphambili kunye nezixhobo. NgoFebruwari 2017, uMphathiswa woKhuseleko lokusingqongileyo waseChina uqalise inkxaso-mali kwiimpompo zokufudumala zomthombo womoya kumaphondo ahlukeneyo aseChina (umzekelo, i-RMB 24000-29000 kwindlu nganye eBeijing, eTianjin naseShanxi). IJapan inesicwangciso esifanayo ngesicwangciso sayo sokugcina amandla.

Ezinye izicwangciso zenzelwe ngokukodwa iimpompo zobushushu bomthombo womhlaba. E-Beijing nakwi-United States yonke, i-30% yeendleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali zithwalwa ngurhulumente. Ukuze kuncedwe kuphunyezwe injongo yokusasazwa kwezigidi ezingama-700 zeemitha zempompo yobushushu bomthombo womhlaba, iChina indulule uncediso-mali olongezelelweyo (35 yuan / m ukuya kuma-70 yuan / M) kwezinye iindawo, ezifana neJilin, Chongqing kunye neNanjing.

I-United States idinga ukuba iimveliso zibonise umlinganiso womsebenzi wonyaka wokufudumeza kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wokonelisa amandla wempompo yobushushu. Le nkqubo yeNkuthazo esekwe kwiNtsebenzo ingaphucula ngokungathanga ngqo ukusebenza kwexesha elizayo ngokukhuthaza indibaniselwano yempompo yobushushu kunye ne-photovoltaic kwimowudi yokuzisebenzisa. Ke ngoko, impompo yobushushu iya kusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo amandla aluhlaza avelisiweyo kwindawo kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunetha kwigridi yoluntu.

Ukongeza kwimigangatho enyanzelekileyo, i-label yokusebenza yokufudumeza indawo yaseYurophu isebenzisa umlinganiselo ofanayo wempompo yokushisa (ubuncinci iBanga A +) kunye nebhoyili ye-fossil (ukuya kwibakala A), ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kwabo kuthelekiswe ngokuthe ngqo.

Ukongezelela, e-China kunye ne-EU, amandla asetyenziswa kwiimpompo zokushisa ahlelwa njengamandla ahlaziyekayo ashushu, ukuze afumane ezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo, ezifana nesaphulelo serhafu.

ICanada ithathela ingqalelo imfuno enyanzelekileyo yento esebenzayo enkulu kune-1 (elingana ne-100% yezixhobo zokusebenza) ekusebenzeni kwamandla kuzo zonke iitekhnoloji zokufudumeza ngo-2030, eziya kuthi zithintele ngokufanelekileyo zonke izibiyeli ezibaswa ngamalahle, ezibaswe ngeoyile kunye negesi. .

Ukunciphisa imiqobo ekuthatheni umntwana ongamzalanga abe ngowakho kwiimalike ezinkulu, ingakumbi kwiimarike zokuhlaziya

Ngo-2030, isabelo sobushushu bendawo yokuhlala esibonelelwa ngeepompo zobushushu zehlabathi kufuneka siphindwe kathathu. Ngoko ke, imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ijongane nemiqobo yokukhetha, kubandakanywa amaxabiso aphezulu okuthenga kwangaphambili, iindleko zokusebenza kunye neengxaki zelifa lempahla ekhoyo yokwakha.

Kwiimarike ezininzi, ukonga okunokubakho kwiindleko zofakelo lweempompo zobushushu ngokunxulumene nenkcitho yamandla (umzekelo, xa utshintshela kwiibhoyila ezibaswa ngerhasi ukuya kwiimpompo zombane) ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba iimpompo zobushushu zinokungabizi kancinci kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-12, nkqu. ukuba banentsebenzo ephezulu yamandla.

Ukususela ngo-2015, iinkxaso-mali ziye zabonakala zisebenza kakuhle ekuhlawuleni iindleko zangaphambili zeempompo zokushisa, ukuqalisa uphuhliso lweemarike kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwizakhiwo ezitsha. Ukurhoxisa le nkxaso yemali kunokuthintela kakhulu ukuthandwa kweempompo zobushushu, ngakumbi iimpompo zobushushu bomthombo womhlaba.

Uhlaziyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo zokufudumeza kwakhona kunokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo-sikhokelo yomgaqo-nkqubo, njengoko ukusasazwa okukhawulezileyo kwizakhiwo ezitsha zodwa akuyi kwanela ukuphinda kuphindwe kathathu intengiso yeendawo zokuhlala ngo-2030. Ukusasazwa kweepakethe zokuhlaziya okubandakanya ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo zeqokobhe lesakhiwo nazo ziya kunciphisa. iindleko zokufakela impompo yobushushu, ezinokuthatha ingxelo malunga ne-30% yeendleko zotyalo-mali zizonke zempompo yobushushu yomthombo womoya kwaye zithathe i-65-85% yeendleko zotyalo-mali zizonke zempompo yomthombo.

Ukusasazwa kwempompo yobushushu kufuneka kwakhona kuqikelele uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yamandla efunekayo ukuhlangabezana ne-SDS. Ngokomzekelo, ukhetho lokudibanisa kwiipaneli ze-solar photovoltaic kwi-site kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimarike zokuphendula imfuno kuya kwenza iimpompo zokushisa zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi.